College of Basic Education Research Journal

Female Subjectivity under Political Power: A Comparative Study of Margaret Atwood’s The Handmaid’s Tale and Latifa Al-Zayyat’s The Open Door

2026-04-12T10:42:21+00:00

Present paper compares Margaret Atwood’s dystopian fiction The Handmaid’s Tale (1985) with Latifa Al‑Zayyat’s Egyptian realism fiction, The Open Door (Al-Bab al-Maftooh) (1960). Comparison concentrates on female subjectivity under patriarchal political power. Regardless of difference in genre, language, and historical setting, the two novels question women’s perspectives, political awareness, and social systems that delineate female autonomy. Analysis is based on a feminist comparative methodology of biopolitical theory of Foucault, the postcolonial feminist criticism of Mohanty, narrative voice and authority of Lanser. By juxtaposing literary techniques, thematic concerns (patriarchy, nationalism, sexuality, memory), and styles of resistance, this paper explains the two protagonist’s psychological experiences as sites of political struggle and radical transformation. Additionally, the comparative approach reflects both universality and cultural distinctiveness of women’s reactions to patriarchal control.

The trilogy of command in Surat Al-Qamar (A grammatical and semantic study)

2026-06-02T05:27:59+00:00

We are trying to explore a grammatical phenomenon represented in the arrangement of three imperative verbs that came in a successive structure in Surat Al-Qamar, which are: (Irtaqibhum), (Istabir), and (Nabbi’hum). This is a style in the structures that did not appear in the Holy Quran except in a rare manner. I have allocated an independent section to the meaning of each verb, so the research came in three sections, each of which was based on studying these three verbs with scrutiny and investigation and their connection with each other through analysis and detail to show the extent of their complete truthfulness in the forms that carry them and in the structures and those related to them and then in the textual and narrative context as a whole, as it is the incubator and guarantor of their accuracy and their right to come in those forms in their form and material appropriate to the context of the story of the Prophet of God, Saleh (peace be upon him). We researched the field of employing the verb, the surrounding conditions, and the situation calling for it.

Investigating Undergraduate Students' Attitudes Towards M.A. Course Context: Gender-Based Differences

2026-06-02T05:01:04+00:00

Undergraduate students are often introduced to syllabi that differ significantly from those of postgraduate studies, potentially influencing their perceptions of M.A. programmes. Current paper tries to investigate undergraduate students' attitudes towards M.A. course context. It aims to identify how both male and female students perceive M.A. course context. It puts following research questions: (1) Are undergraduates’ attitudes towards M.A. course context positive or negative? (2) Does gender have a statistically significant effect on attitudes towards M.A. course context? To answer addressed questions, it is hypothesized that (1) there are negative attitudes concerning M.A. course context, (2) gender has no statistically significant effect on undergraduate students’ attitudes. In order to prove suggested hypotheses a questionnaire of 15 items was designed, covering three key factors namely: materials, cognitive, and psychological. Results which were analyzed using Weighted Arithmetic Mean (WAM) proved that males report positive attitudes and females show negative views about M.A. course context.

Effect of Inclination and Magnetic Field of a Fluid Flow in a Square Channel with a Solid Body

2026-06-02T04:49:17+00:00

This study examined fluid flow and heat transfer through natural convection and thermal radiation in both horizontal and inclined scenarios within a porous channel, which included a square isolating body at its center, under influence of a magnetic field orthogonal to channel. The fluid examined is considered to be incompressible, laminar, and stable. Temperature of left wall of channel is higher than right, but bottom and top walls are heat isolated. Energy, momentum, and continuity governing equations were shown using finite difference techniques. Issue is modelled, and equations that govern it are solved using MATLAB software that utilizes alternate direction explicit method (ADEM). Finally, effects of changes in governing parameters on temperature and velocity have been considered. These effects include radiation parameter, Rayleigh number, Darcy number, Hartmann number, angle of inclination, and Prandtl parameter.

Primary school teachers’ perception of introduction of Social Life Skills in primary schools in Iraqi Kurdistan; a comparative study

2026-06-02T04:35:49+00:00

Social Life Skills (SLS) (formerly, Peace Education) is newest edition into primary school curriculum in Dohuk, Iraqi Kurdistan. This is part of an approach to tackle pervasive violence that affects most members of society, between and within different ethnic/religious groups. Since physical punishment was outlawed and a significant influx of internally displaced people arrived in area, Ministry of Education in Iraqi Kurdistan has put in place nonviolent measures to improve educational environment. These actions also shows world community and nongovernmental organizations that Kurdistan is making major efforts on its own behalf to enhance peaceful value of education. This study investigates perceptions teachers have regarding SLS. It involved teachers of all ranks, including head teachers and SLS teachers as well as those teaching other subjects, and used a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods, including surveys, interviews and focus group discussions. Results show significant differences in opinions of teachers of SLS compared to other fields. While SLS teachers tended to be positive about the subject, having found that it has potential for significant social, emotional and academic benefit for students, other teachers were dubious about value of this form of learning, favoring more academic subjects. Critical obstacles identified are : lack of effective teacher training, lack of ownership, autonomy and support, limited resources, and lack of alignment with existing curriculum. The paper concludes with recommendations for resolving these issues

Role of Lifestyle on Cholecystokinin Levels in Patients After Gastric Sleeve Surgery

2026-06-02T02:51:17+00:00

The study focused on impact of lifestyle and its relationship with cholecystokinin hormone (CCK) and its role in obesity for both sexes. Samples were collected from 45 obese patients who later served as controls and were followed up in three groups after gastric sleeve surgery (3 months, 6 months, and 9 months post-surgery). Results showed that hormone levels decreased with age, while body mass index (BMI) increased with age in obese group compared to control group. Incidence of CCK was higher in females than in males, and age is a major factor affecting hormone levels and reducing its activity. Furthermore, smokers are more likely to develop obesity than non-smokers due to their lower levels of CCK.

Finally, this study discovered a relationship between low CCK levels and an increased risk factor for obesity, along with unhealthy habits and lifestyle. The study recommends that patients who have undergone gastric sleeve surgery improve their lifestyle to achieve good results and maintain a stable, long-lasting ideal weight.

Molecular Diagnosis of Enterobacter Cloacae and Stutzerimonas Stutzeri and Study of Effect of Some Plant Extract

2026-06-02T02:33:45+00:00

Periodontal pockets are thought to provide spawning grounds for a variety of microorganisms. Emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains poses a risk on course of treatment and may require surgical removal of gum pocket. This study's aim was to determine the bacteria found in gum pockets using PCR for 16S rRNA gene. As well as impact of plant extracts on growth of these strains. Five new bacterial strains have been registered at NCBI, including Stutzerimonas stutzeri, Staphylococcus aureus, and Enterobacter cloacae. All identified strains were susceptible to Augmentin and Ciprofloxacin but resistant to Cephalothin. Cefixime and Bacitracin were not effective against 90% of strains. Amoxicillin resistance rate was 50%. All strains were resistant to Turmeric and Oregano extracts at concentrations of 100 and 200 mg/ml, with exception of Staph. aureus FKZEW99, which was susceptible to Oregano at 200 mg/ml. Identified strains' responses to clove extract differed in terms of sensitivity and resistance. The overuse of antibiotics leads to appearance of new bacterial strains resistant to a range of treatments.

Character and Time A Reading of the Novel "The Palm Tree and the Neighbors" by Ghaib Tu'ma Farman

2026-06-02T02:20:29+00:00

Time considered to become an important element in novels, it can't be separated from the character and its normal that the time has different types and directions. The time is essential in novel construction, it’s an events timer and complicated and fact supplier element for the novel, despite this disappearing and melting we can feel it and it effect on the character. Novels can't be empty of time element; it’s the field where the characters move. Time studying requires comprehension and awareness for other times, in our study for (the palm and the neighbours) novel's time we tracked the inner time elements (time of the story) and we studied the outer time relations and its effect on the characters and detect the time paradoxes through ways of (return and quote).

Barriers to the Implementation of Indoor and Outdoor Physical Education Activities in Elementary Schools in the Dhi Qar Education Directorate from the Perspective of Physical Education Teachers

2026-06-02T01:58:47+00:00

The research aims to:

- Identify the obstacles preventing the implementation of indoor and outdoor physical education activities in elementary schools in the Dhi Qar Education Directorate from the perspective of female teachers.

- To identify differences in results among female teachers in terms of years of service and educational qualifications. The research sample consisted of 137 female teachers randomly selected from the Dhi Qar Education Directorate, distributed across the provincial center, districts, and sub-districts. The researcher used a scale measuring barrier to the implementation of indoor and outdoor physical education activities in elementary schools, consisting of 47 items, which was designed in the master’s thesis from which this research was derived. The scientific foundations of the scale were established in terms of validity and reliability, while the mean, standard deviation, analysis of variance, and Duncan’s test were used as statistical tools within the SPSS statistical package

The effect of physical skill exercise by Sycle style and by interval training on explosive power & on serve-smash skills

2026-06-02T01:47:14+00:00

The aims of the study:

- Significant statistical differences between pre and post tests of the system work (15) and comfort (30) seconds in the explosive power of the female volleyball players for the two experimental and control groups.

- Significant statistical differences between pre and post tests of the system work (15) and comfort (30) seconds in the serve and smash my skills to the female volleyball players in the two experimental and control groups.

The researcher used the experimental approach to the nature of the research, and implemented curriculum on a sample of players elected Qrhqosh volleyball, who are (16 player), and divided into two groups tested and the control group by (8 players) in each group, and included research procedures designed six exercises applied in the curriculum, with doing three experiments reconnaissance, before beginning the curriculum has been testing the tribal physical and skill, and it took the implementation of the curriculum of eight weeks, with three training modules in the course of small and finally testing a posteriori physical and skill, the researcher reached the following conclusions: Made physical exercise skills in a cycle-style low-intensity interval training system action (15 sec) and comfort (30 sec) has evolved in the physical attributes of selected.

In light of the findings, the researcher recommended the following: the possibility of using physical exercise skills trained in the rest of the sporting events (football, basketball) to positively contribute to the development of some physical attributes and skills.

Indirect Spectrofluorimetric Method for Determination of Amlodipine besylate and Atenolol Using Acridine Orange Dye

2026-06-01T18:05:36+00:00

A simple and highly sensitive fluorometric method was developed for the indirect determination of the two pharmaceutical compounds, amlodipine besylate and atenolol in pure form and in pharmaceutical tablets. The method was based on the principle of oxidation of the two drug compounds by adding a known excess of the oxidizing agent N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) in hydrochloric acid medium and reacting the remaining amount of the oxidizing agent with acridine orange dye, which was added in a fixed amount, and measuring the fluorescence intensity of the remaining dye at 530 nm with an excitation wavelength of 450 nm. It was found that the fluorescence intensity of the dye increased with increasing concentrations of the amlodipine besylate and atenolol within the range of 0.03-1.2 and 0.05-1.2 µg/ml for each of the two pharmaceutical compounds, respectively. The developed method gave good agreement and accuracy, as the average recovery percentage ranged between 101.06 and 100.15% with a relative standard deviation of less than 2.3 and 3.5% for amlodipine besylate and atenolol, respectively.

A Contrastive Analysis of English Textbooks for EFL Non-Departmental Learners of Medicine

2026-05-01T06:33:23+00:00

This study presents a comprehensive and critically oriented contrastive evaluation of two major English language teaching textbooks; Oxford English for Careers: Medicine 1 (OEC), and New Headway: Advanced (NHA). These textbooks were implemented throughout English courses taught at college of medicine at University of Mosul, where former is used for practical hours, and later covers theoretical section. Being with two different pedagogical orientations, yet simultaneously used creates a form of dilemma. Study tries to answer a core question concerning which textbook is in fact suits more final educational goals of college. Grounded in framework of evaluation set by McDonough, Shaw and Masuhara’s (2013) , study combines external and internal evaluation with an explicitly critical perspective. Through detailed analysis supported by contrastive tables, study demonstrates that the two textbooks embrace drastically different pedagogical, and methodological orientations and assumptions. While NHA prioritizes explicit grammatical progression and structural control attributes of general English courses, OEC foregrounds professional functional competence and communication which aligns with English for specific purposes (ESP). Nearly seventy five percent of its content is listening/speaking oriented, which evidently supports its value within curriculum. Findings argue that neither textbook is universally optimal, but as medical curriculum design necessitates contextual authenticity, OEC excels here. NHA on the other hand, could still be marginally useful, for relatively small fraction of students.

Exaggeration in the poetry of Marwan ibn Abi Hafsa

2026-04-21T09:34:16+00:00

This study examines literary hyperbole in the poetry of Marwān ibn Abī Ḥafṣa as a central stylistic device shaping his poetic discourse, particularly in panegyric and elegy. The analysis proceeds from a clear distinction between hyperbole as an aesthetic and rhetorical strategy that serves expressive and persuasive purposes, and excessive exaggeration that leads to artificiality or weak artistic credibility. The research adopts a qualitative textual analytical approach, drawing on selected poetic samples in order to identify the mechanisms of hyperbole, its figurative patterns, and its semantic functions in the construction of meaning and the intensification of effect. The findings indicate that in panegyric poetry, Marwān employs hyperbole to construct an idealized image of the patron, emphasizing generosity, heroism, and moral elevation through forceful diction, vivid imagery, and extended metaphors that confer a pronounced ceremonial tone. In elegiac contexts, hyperbole appears more restrained and emotionally controlled, functioning to deepen the experience of loss and to elevate the status of the deceased through heightened affective expression. By contrast, the presence of hyperbole in satire proves to be extremely limited within his poetic corpus, with only a few scattered verses, which reflects the poet’s general inclination toward affirmative image-building rather than destructive ridicule. The study concludes that hyperbole in Marwān ibn Abī Ḥafṣa’s poetry constitutes a conscious aesthetic choice that contributes significantly to the distinctiveness of his poetic voice within the Abbasid tradition.

Ibn Shirzad: His Biography and Political Role in the Abbasid Era (334 AH / 945 AD)

2026-01-29T11:07:02+00:00

This research examines Ibn Shirzad and his role in the political events of 334 AH / 945 CE. He emerged as a key administrative figure during this pivotal phase of the Abbasid Caliphate. The study begins by outlining his name, title, profession, and the positions he held prior to his appointment as Amir al-Umara (Commander of Commanders). The research then examines how he came to hold this sensitive position and the impact that had on the balance of power within the state. It focuses on Ibn Shirzad’s role in confronting the influence of the Buyids during the caliphates of al-Mustakfi billah and al-Muti‘ lillah, highlighting his political and military efforts to preserve the independence of Abbasid decision-making. The study also reviews his key actions after assuming the office of Amir al-Umara and his efforts to administer the state despite the major challenges he encountered. It then examines the decline of his influence and the factors that led to his withdrawal from public life as the Buyid power rose, and concludes with the circumstances surrounding his death. The aim of this research is to analyze his political role and clarify his position during one of the most critical phases of the Abbasid state.

Effect of Sun Light on Plastic Water Container Made from Polyethylene Terephthalate

2026-04-12T09:47:28+00:00

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is commonly used in water bottle manufacturing because of its low cost, transparency, lightweight nature, and durability. However, PET can degrade when exposed to sunlight and high temperatures for long periods. This study developed a predictive model to evaluate photodegradation behavior of PET water bottles under different sunlight conditions. The investigation focused on thermal degradation kinetics, UV absorbance changes, and chemical migration through diffusion. Results showed that higher UV intensity and temperature accelerated PET degradation, leading to discoloration and increased migration of compounds such as antimony. Under extreme sunlight exposure, antimony levels approached critical safety limits within a short time. Survival analysis further indicated that the lifespan of PET bottles decreased significantly, from several hundred hours under normal conditions to less than two days under severe exposure. Predictive model showed good agreement with previously reported studies and provides useful insight about durability, stability, and safety of PET packaging materials under environmental stress conditions.

The Dialectic of History and Myth: The Serbian-Albanian Struggle in Kosovo (1912-2008)

2026-04-04T14:17:58+00:00

The history of Kosovo constitutes a contested arena, defined by the conflict of two distinct historical narratives. One is the Serbian narrative, often described as mythological in nature, portraying Kosovo as a sacred Serbian province-encompassing its land, people, and history. This vision is imbued with deep religious and national dimensions, rooted in the region’s subjugation to Serbian rule during the medieval period. It has been invoked to justify Serbian control over the territory from 1912 - 1999. In contrast, a widely accepted historical perspective among scholars affirms that the earliest inhabitants of Kosovo were the Illyrians, whose presence in the region has continued through their descendants, the Albanians, up to the present day.

Hegemony and Pluralism in Hanin al-Sayegh’s The Women’s Covenant: A Cultural Critical Inquiry

2026-04-08T08:27:03+00:00

Narrative discourse operates through postmodern ideologies that permeate the text much as they do modern societies, reshaping every structural pillar-most notably the novel itself, which serves as the contemporary "Diwan" of nations and their primary vessel for socio-historical expression. This study investigates the "hidden patterns" (underlying cultural codes) within the societal framework depicted in the novel The Women’s Covenant (Mithaq al-Nisa’). Central to this analysis is the presence of womanhood as a bridge connecting the concepts of body and authority, both psychologically and materially. Furthermore, the research explores the identity constructs inherent in Druze communal culture and their direct impact on the female entity. Ultimately, the study traces two pivotal shifts: the transition from rigid centralism toward an inclusive openness and the embrace of pluralism

The Effect of the Flipped Learning Strategy on Achievement and Analytical Thinking Among Second-Grade Middle School Students in Mathematics

2026-03-29T10:55:01+00:00

The current research aims to identify the impact of the Flipped Learning strategy on achievement and analytical thinking among second-grade intermediate students in mathematics. To achieve the research objective, the researcher formulated two null hypotheses and employed an experimental design with two equivalent groups. The research sample consisted of (70) students, with (35) students in the experimental group and (35) students in the control group. The researcher conducted an equivalence process between the two groups in several variables, including: (chronological age in months, intelligence test scores, first-grade intermediate mathematics grades, and the general average for the first-grade intermediate) prior to implementing the experiment. The results showed no statistically significant differences between the two groups in these variables. The researcher utilized the following statistical methods: (SPSS, Chi-square, item discrimination index, Pearson correlation coefficient, Kuder-Richardson 20 formula, t-test for two independent samples, difficulty index, and effectiveness of distractors formula). The results indicated a statistically significant difference between the experimental and control groups in both the achievement test and the analytical thinking test, in favor of the experimental group which was taught using the Flipped Learning strategy, compared to the control group taught via the traditional method

Parents' Councils Effectiveness to Develop Sports Activities for Middle and Middle Schools in the center of Nineveh Governorate

2026-03-29T11:11:51+00:00

The aim of the study was to:

Building the Effectiveness Scale of Parents' Councils to Develop Sports Activities for ‎Government Middle and Preparatory Schools in the Center of Nineveh Governorate,‎Identifying the Degree of Effectiveness of Parents' Councils to Develop Sports Activities for ‎Governmental Middle and Preparatory Schools in the Center of Nineveh city in ‎Accordance with the Areas of the Scale from the Perspective the Physical Education Teachers, ‎Identifying the Level of Effectiveness of Parents' Councils to Develop Sports Activities for ‎Governmental Middle and Preparatory Schools in the Center of Nineveh Governorate in ‎General .The researchers Using the Descriptive Curriculum According to the survey method for its ‎suitability and the nature of the research, the construction sample reached(157), the ‎application sample (173)and the exploratory experiment (10) to become a total of (340) ‎teachers, the research scale was built in line with the sample members and the nature of its ‎work, the scale consisted of (5) areas with (32) items, statistical means were used to extract ‎the results and then analyze and interpret them, the researcher found that there is a low ‎degree of effectiveness of parents' councils to support and develop sports activities in the ‎schools of the middle of Nineveh province and in a way General. The Validity of the ‎Effectiveness Scale of Parents' Councils in Supporting School Sports Activities in Middle ‎and Preparatory Schools for the Center of Nineveh Governorate from the Perspective of ‎Physical Education Teachers.

The Effectiveness of Active Teaching According to the Flipped Classroom Strategy in Acquiring Cognitive Achievement of the Handball Law and Developing Decision-Making Ability

2026-03-06T07:14:35+00:00

The study aimed to identify the effectiveness of the flipped classroom strategy in acquiring cognitive achievement related to the handball law and in developing decision-making ability. The researcher hypothesized that there would be a statistically significant difference between the results of the experimental and control groups in the post-test regarding the acquisition of cognitive achievement of the game law and the development of decision-making ability, The research population was intentionally determined and consisted of second-year students in the Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, College of Basic Education, University of Mosul, for the academic year (2025–2026). The total number of students at this stage was (185) male and female students, The research sample consisted of (60) students, equally distributed between the two groups, The researcher used the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS, version 25) to obtain the research results. The findings indicated a statistically significant difference between the experimental and control groups in the post-test of cognitive achievement in favor of the experimental group, Based on the results, the researcher presented several recommendations, the most important of which were: Encouraging instructors to apply the flipped classroom strategy in teaching the handball law to students of the Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at the University of Mosul, due to its effectiveness in acquiring cognitive achievement and developing decision-making related to this game, Emphasizing the necessity of applying other progressive activity-based strategies, including the flipped classroom strategy, in teaching sports games—especially practical ones—to demonstrate their effectiveness in acquiring cognitive achievement and developing decision-making related to the handball la

A Pragmatic Analysis of Speech Acts in Contemporary English Discourse

2026-03-01T06:34:56+00:00

Purpose of this study is to provide a pragmatic view of how speech acts are utilized in today's society. More specifically, it explores speech acts as social actions rather than merely as means of communicating knowledge. It examines how people perform Speech acts of asserting, requesting, promising, and expressing their attitudes through language in real-world communicative events, drawing on speech act theory as proposed by Austin and Searle. To conduct such study, a qualitative discourse analytic methodology was used to analyze a selection of written samples of contemporary English discourse from three different types of source material: media-based texts (such as newspapers and magazines), political speeches, and various face-to-face interactions. Particular attention was put on impact of contextual factors have on illocutionary force of speech acts and frequency with which they occur in form of indirect speech acts in today's world. The findings suggest that a large portion of contemporary English discourse relies upon pragmatic inference (from context of utterance), contextual reference (related to what is understood from texts), and being provided with indirect means of accomplishing communication effectively. Through presenting a description of how language functions within this pragmatic and participatory framework, this study contributes to understand and develop theories within fields of pragmatics and discourse studies, as well as provide information to utilized by applied linguists and those working with languages in educational system.

Investigating Nominalization and Verbalization in Some Selected Ayas in Holy Quran

2026-02-28T11:15:01+00:00

This study investigates identification and classification of nominal and verbal phrases in selected Ayahs of Holy Quran. Nominal phrases, typically structured around nouns, emphasize stability and certainty, whereas verbal phrases, centered around verbs, highlight action and transformation. Through analyzing these linguistic structures, study aims to uncover their syntactic roles and theological significance in Quranic discourse. Research employs a theoretical framework on phrase structure, followed by an in-depth analysis of Quranic Ayahs to categorize and interpret these phrases. Findings confirm that nominal phrases reinforce universal truths and divine attributes, while verbal phrases facilitate commands, narrative progression, and instructional clarity. The study concludes that Quran systematically employs these linguistic forms to enhance rhetorical effectiveness and convey profound religious messages.

Evaluation of antibacterial effects of Eucalyptus camaldulensis L., extracts against some pathogenic bacteria in vitro and HPLC-DAD

2026-03-01T09:34:30+00:00

Our study was carried out in laboratory of Alnoor university –Iraq in ( 2025) to identify active compounds and evaluate in vitro antimicrobial which include effects of hexane and aquatic extracts with three concentration on two species of bacteria , the phenolic compounds for Eucalyptus camaldulensis tree identify active compounds extract was prepared by using Soxhlet hexane and Aqueous as a solvent HPLC High performers liquid Chromatography , was used to diagnose and identify phenolic compounds in Eucalyptus extract. Results showed identification of 5 active phenolic compounds, (Quercetin, Kaempferol, Ferulic, Gallic acid, Rutine).

These differences in chemical compounds could be used as an important indicator for plant identification.

The second aspect of study investigated inhibitory effect of two organic solvents on two bacterial species (Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli). Research revealed that inhibition rates varied depending on solvent used. Furthermore, the in vitro antimicrobial potential of E. Camaldulensis extracts demonstrated varying degrees of inhibition at different concentrations, which also differed between Gram-positive and negative bacteria.

Geometric Thinking and its Relationship to Some Variables Among Kindergarten Children

2026-02-04T14:27:37+00:00

The current research aims to identify the relationship of geometric thinking to some variables among kindergarten children. To achieve the research objectives, the researcher built a geometric thinking test consisting of (20) items distributed across two levels. After verifying the validity and reliability of the test, The value of the reliability coefficient was (0.81).the test was applied to the research sample of (400) male and female kindergarten children in the city of Mosul. The researcher used the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) to statistically analyze the data. The research concluded in its results that kindergarten children (preparatory level) have a good level of geometric thinking, and there are no differences among children on the geometric thinking test according to the gender variable (male-female) and according to the child's position in the family variable (first-middle-last) In light of these results, the researcher recommends some recommendations, including conducting training courses for kindergarten teachers to help them enhance geometric thinking skills in kindergarten children in a better way. The researcher also suggests some proposals, including the effect of an educational program on developing geometric thinking in kindergarten children.

Intellectual Flourishing and its Relationship with Motivational Flexibility Among Students of the College of Basic Education

2026-02-03T12:38:20+00:00

The present study aims to identify the level of intellectual brilliance and motivational flexibility among students of the College of Basic Education, as well as to investigate the correlational relationship between intellectual brilliance and motivational flexibility among these students. The main research sample consisted of (400) male and female students, who were selected randomly and equally from the departments of the College of Basic Education. Four departments were purposively selected, including two scientific departments (Mathematics and Science) and two humanities departments (History and Geography). Twenty-five (25) male and female students were drawn from each academic year. The researchers employed the Intellectual Brilliance Scale developed by Hussein (2024), which consists of (25) items distributed across five domains. In addition, the Motivational Flexibility Scale developed by Al-Nasiri (2023) was used; this scale consists of (30) items distributed across three domains and includes both positively and negatively worded items. After establishing face validity for both scales by presenting them to a panel of experts and referees, their reliability was determined using the test–retest method. The two scales were then administered to the main research sample, and students’ responses were scored accordingly. The data were statistically analyzed using Pearson’s correlation coefficient and the one-sample t-test. The researchers arrived at the following results: Students of the College of Basic Education demonstrate a capacity for intellectual brilliance. Students of the College of Basic Education possess motivational flexibility. There is a positive relationship between intellectual brilliance and motivational flexibility among students of the College of Basic Education. In light of these results, the researchers formulated a set of conclusions, recommendations, and suggestions.

The Impact of Judaism and Christianity and Their Impact on the Society of The Arabian Peninsula Before the Prophet's Mission

2026-02-06T07:17:49+00:00

This research examines the areas where early Judaism and Christianity were present and their centers of spread in the Arabian Peninsula, as well as the intellectual and social impact resulting from this presence and interaction with pre-Islamic Arab tribal society, which manifested in several aspects. Simultaneously, the research explores the influence of pre-Islamic Arab society on the followers of both religions in the Arabian Peninsula. The research is divided into three sections. The first section addresses the study area (the Arabian Peninsula). The second section examines the influence of Judaism on pre-Islamic Arab society, beginning with the term "Judaism," then the centers of Jewish presence in the Arabian Peninsula, and the impact of Judaism on literature, including language, poetry, ancient Arabic proverbs, folklore, myths, legends, and magic. Finally, it presents the influence of Judaism on pre-Islamic Arab society in terms of language and poetry. The third axis presented details about the impact of Christianity and its influence on Arab society before the Prophetic mission, by addressing Christianity as a name and its centers of presence in the Arabian Peninsula before the Prophetic mission and its impact on pre-Islamic Arab society in the literary aspect in terms of language, poetry, proverbs and artistic impact, and its influence on Arab society before the Prophetic mission.

The study concludes that Judaism and Christianity were mutually influenced by the society of the Arabian Peninsula in several areas, including tribal values, the Arabic language especially its script poetry and proverbs, as well as myths, legends, magic, incantations, and other cultural elements.