College of Basic Education Research Journal

Special-Analysis of Administrative Services in City of Mosul Applied Study

Nashwan Mahmood Jasim — 2025-12-01

Administrative factor is considered one of the most important factors of emergence and development of human settlements. These services usually include administrative units of government, administration, and municipality institutions, with many services of administrative dimension, such as security and defense services, courts, police and civil defense departments, social insurance services, financial and banking services.

In city of Mosul, there are 30 service institutions with an area of 49,604 m2, or 0.2% of total area of Mosul, which is 222,000,000 m2. Number of workers in these services reached 15,339 individuals, constituting 0.6 of total population of the city , which was 2,058,404 people in 2012. These institutions are in downtown district of Mosul, in addition to surrounding areas.

Jews of Badinan District : a Study of Their Populations , Cultural , Social and Economic Conditions from (1921-1951)

Ali Obaid Shokri — 2025-12-01

Current research dealt with Jews of Badinan by shedding light on their population, residence clusters in cities and villages of the region, in addition to their economic, social and cultural conditions during monarchy, Origins of this community go back to Jews who were captured by Assyrian kings during their campaigns on Palestine. Jews worked in agriculture animal husbandry, trade as well as being goldsmiths, weavers, tanners, etc. As for their social life, they had special laws, regulations, customs and traditions, their temples spread in cities and some villages, not to forget to mention selected persons of Jewish community to conduct their religious and worldly affairs. Jews had their own schools in region that taught Students basics of Jewish religion.

Impact of Modern Technologies on Sustainability of Food Supplies During Covid-19 pandemic - Salah al-Din Governorate as a model

Mathel Arif Abdul Razzaq — 2025-12-01

This research aims to indicate the impact of modern information technology on sustainability of food supplies during covid-19 pandemics. Researcher used observation and survey methods to collect data about trade and move of food supplies among districts of Salahuddin governorate There were (5) main techniques: communication technique (50%), supply technique (30%), delivery technique (10%), while both storage and processing techniques formed a gathered contribution of (5%), as well as (3), food-transportation means approved by curfew regulations : trucks of (8-10 tons), within districts of Salahuddin and its administrative borders with neighboring governorates , small trucks of (2 - 3 tons), between subdistricts and small cities, while personal vehicles were used between residential neighborhoods and nearby markets.

Researcher concluded: procedures of wholesalers and retailers, regarding continuity of supply and storage chains were done using direct transportation programs available on social media (Facebook and Instagram), as well as appliances on local networks People depended on ( Facebook ) in a percentage of (80%) to know areas of (curfew), around the world Researcher concluded that most important problems faced food suppliers were (6 ), (2) Natural and (4) of human origin, Natural problems were frequent cold waves , climate change and increased rainfall, which hinders transportation , increases injuries and straiten curfew procedures, Whereas human problems were (reimposing and deleting curfew) constituting (40%), (absence of serious preparedness) (30%), (indifference about emergency supplies, both by people or local government ), scoring (20%), while weak network represented (10%).

Psychasthenia and its relationship to some physical performance variables among female students of College of Physical Education

Stefan Jajo Marzina — 2025-12-01

Study aimed to measure level of feeling psychasthenia by female students of College of Physical Education and Sport Sciences / University of Al-Hamdaniya , to identify relationship of psychological weakness and its dimensions on some variables of physical performance among them, Research sample was (32) female students from College of Physical Education and Sport Sciences at Al-Hamdaniya University, selected using comprehensive inventory method, Researchers used psychological weakness scale prepared by (Faraj, 2023), with (31) paragraphs, in addition to physical tests, personal interviews, and questionnaires as means of collecting data to achieve objectives of research, as for statistical methods, SPSS statistical program was used to extract results, which were: Female students of College of Physical Education and Sport Sciences characterized by their feeling of psychological weakness, there was no clear role for psychological weakness on physical performance among female students of the College of Physical Education and Sport Sciences.

Personal self-perception And its relationship to positive sports behavior among Futsal players

Mohammed Khalid Mohammed — 2025-12-01

The study aimed to standardize measure of personal self-perception in Iraqi environment, identify level of personal self-perception and positive sports behavior, as well as nature of relationship between personal self-perception and positive behavior of athlete and percentage of contribution of personal self-perception to positive behavior among futsal players. Researchers used descriptive correlational method for its suitability . Population consisted of Iraqi universities teams players (northern region) in futsal for academic year (2023-2024). (University of Mosul, Northern Technical University, Al-Nour University College, Al-Hamdaniya University, Tal Afar University, Anbar University, Nineveh University, Al-Hadbaa College, University College of Knowledge, Samarra University, Tikrit University, Diyala University and Al-Kitab University). Population of above-mentioned universities was (172) representing (100%), whereas research sample consisted of (124) players, representing (72.09%). Researchers used personal self-awareness and positive sports behavior as research tools, data obtained were analyzed and processed using (SPSS) and (Minitab) programs. Most prominent results were: sample members had good levels of personal self-awareness and positive behavior, three regression equations were obtained, through which value of positive behavior could be predicted through personal self-perception.

Level of Achievement on Some Elements of Physical Fitness and Its Relationship to Body Measurements among Students in

Omar Muhammad Sami — 2025-12-01

Research aims to identify:

Relationship between level of achievement in some elements of physical fitness and body measurements among students in College of Basic Education.
Impact of body measurements on level of achievement on some elements of physical fitness among students in College of Basic Education.

Researchers also hypothesized:

Existence of a significant correlation between level of achievement in some elements of physical fitness and body measurements among students of College of Basic Education.
Existence of a direct impact of body measurements on level of achievement in some elements of physical fitness among students of College of Basic Education.

Research community and its sample included (247) students of Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences at College of Basic Education, University of Mosul. Female students were excluded . Researchers selected second, third and fourth stages , depending on lists of students as a sample for research using intentional approach, (30) students used systematic random method (lottery) to be sample of pilot experiment. Researches used (11) physical tests and (7) body measurements nominated by specialists and subjected to scientific treatments as research tools. Researchers also used these following statistical methods (arithmetic mean, standard deviation, simple correlation coefficient of (Pearson), (t) test for independent samples, alienation coefficient, self-honesty law, percentage law, mode, skewness coefficient). Researchers concluded that there is a significant correlation between level of achievement of some elements of physical fitness and body measurements. There is a direct effect of anthropometric variables on level of achievement on some elements of physical fitness among students of College of Basic Education.

Banach Contraction Method to Solve Partial Integral-differential Equations

Hiba Shuker Mahmood — 2025-12-01

In this paper, Banach contraction method was used to solve linear and nonlinear partial integra differential equations of Volterra type and compared them with exact solutions to demonstrate accuracy of the proposed method. Results revealed that Banach contraction method is very effective, simple and of a high accuracy to solve higher order Integro -differential equations. Four different examples were solved and compared with exact solutions using mean squared error and absolute error. The tables and figures show convergence of proposed method in solution.

A Study of Bacterial Contamination of Kitchen Dishwashing Sponges in Mosul City

Ramzia Hassan Abdul Rahman — 2025-12-01

Kitchen sponges have a significant role in maintenance and spread of pathogenic strains that cause food-borne illnesses as well as rotting bacteria. Aim of this study was to identify kinds of bacteria that grow on common kitchen sponges. Results revealed that highest contamination rate, 65 (86.6%) of samples had Bacillus bacteria in them. While the lowest contamination rate was Klebsiella spp., which was isolated at a rate of (4%) from three sponge samples. It was discovered that Bacillus outnumbered other species. We also investigated effects of various sponge cleaning techniques. Results of current study also revealed variations in proportion of contaminated sponges based on techniques employed to handle sponges after dishwashing. The study discovered that leaving sponge in a container with tap water after usage resulted in highest proportion contamination proportion of (45.3), when sponge was pressed and stored in a dry container after usage, amount of bacterial contamination was at its lowest (5.3%). Additionally, our present investigation discovered a strong correlation between sponge's usage time and amount of bacterial infection. Percentage of contamination increases with length of use time. A sponge used for 14 days had the highest proportion of bacterial contamination (37.3%), whereas sponge used for 3 days had lowest percentage of contamination (12%). We use sponges every day to clean our dishes and surfaces, but in reality, we are spreading bacteria.

Synthesis of New Seven Heterocyclic Compounds from Azo-Schiff & Study of Their Biological Activity

Ruwa M. Mauf — 2025-12-01

تم في هذه الدراسة تحضير وتشخيص عدد من المركبات الحلقية غير المتجانسة والتي تتكون من حلقات سباعية ومركبات حاوية على مجاميع فعاله كمجاميع الازو والايمين فضلا عن تحضير اكثر من مجموعه فعاله في مركب واحد ابتداء من المادة الكيميائية الفعالة (4-amino antipyrine) ولأهمية هذا المركب الذي يعتبر كعقار أميني مع منتجاته حيث تؤدي إضافة مجموعة أمينية إلى جزيء دوائي نشط إلى تحسينات في مجموعة من الأدوية العلاجية لذلك يعتبر مكون اساسي في تطوير العديد من العلاجات الدوائية (1) يدخل مركب 4- امينو انتي بايرين في تركيب اغلب الفيتامينات كفيتامين C والتي تمتلك حلقات تحوي النيتروجين والاوكسجين وحصلت ليكندات الانتي بايرين اهتمام الباحثين اذ ان معقداتها استخدمت في التطبيقات الصناعية وتحضير البولميرات وقد اعتمدت الدراسة على أزوتة المركب (4-amino antipyrine) باستخدام تفاعل الازدواج مع (4-hydroxybenzaldehyde ) في درجات حرارة منخفضة عند((0-5درجة سيليزية ثم استخدام الناتج (4-hydroxy-3-((1-methyl-3-oxo-2-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)diazenyl) benzaldehyde (m1)) في تحضير عدد من قواعد شيف الجديدة (m6-m2) باستخدام طريقة السحق. ثم انتاج الاوكسازابينات (m11-m7)،( m16-m12) من تفاعل قواعد شف مع الفثالك انهيدريد والماليك انهيدريد وعلى التوالي .وتم استخدام طيف الرنين النووي المغناطيسي ،وطيف الاشعة تحت الحمراء وطيف الكتلة كوسيلة لتشخيص تلك المركبات، بالإضافة الى تقييم الفعالية البايولوجية باستخدام انواع من البكتريا المسببة للمرض.

Preparation of some 1,3,4-oxadiazole and azetidine-2-one derivatives associated with 6-nitro-3-(substituted)-quinoline-4-ol derivatives

Zahraa Khalid Mohammed — 2025-12-01

This research includes preparation of heterocyclic compounds such as 4,3,1-oxadiazole and azetidine-2-one containing the compound 4-hydroxy-6-Nitro-Quinoline. Azetidine compounds (Z12-15) were prepared from treatment of hydrazone with chloroacetic chloride, while oxadiazole compounds were prepared from stirring of hydrazone with concentrated sulfuric acid. Hydrazone compound was prepared from treatment of hydrazide compound with some aromatic aldehydes. Hydrazide compound was prepared by using 4-nitroaniline as a starting material with diethyl ethoxy ethylene malonate to give after heating with diphenyl ether desired Ester compound, which is then treated with aqueous hydrazine.

Study of adsorption isotherms of some industrial dyes using atbalkite clay

Qahtan hamed khalil — 2025-12-01

This research dealt with a study of treatment of some industrial and similar dyes with (o-tolidin (2,6-dimathelanlin) (2,4,6-Tri-mathelanlin) by applying adsorption technique using material Atablekite clay available in western regions of Iraq, characterized with mass availability and at low economic cost. This material was prepared by crushing, washing, drying and studying it for adsorption of the above – mentioned dyes.

Aqueous solutions of these dyes were prepared using specific proportion of water with solvent (ethanol) and determining optimum conditions for the best amount of adsorbent, which was (0.1g),as well as the best concentration, temperature and pH, using single – meal method. ln this research, thermodynamic values were calculated. (∆S,∆H,∆G) at equilibrium. It became clear through this research that enthalpy value was equal to a negative value (,∆H=-) meaning that reaction is exothermic, and value of (∆G=-) indicates spontaneity of reaction. It also became clear for researchers that adsorption process of these dyes has a physical characteristic, physical adsorption, meaning association of adsorbent and adsorbed material through van der Waals bonds.

This research also included calculating some dye adsorption isomers such as Langmuir-Freundlich and obtaining some important values such as(b) (QMAX) and (n) which provide confirmation of values obtained in thermodynamic study.

On Strongly - Regular Rings

Luma Ahmed Khaleel — 2025-12-01

In our study we examine definition of strongly γ -regular rings and associates, investigate interplay between strongly γ - regular rings and other reduced rings. We also study GP – injective modules, and discuss its relation with strongly γ-regular rings. some important results are secured. Using the connotation of strongly γ-regular rings . researchers concluded:

If K be a right semi-duo semi-RG-R satisfying condition (⁕) and K /a K be P –injective for every element a of Then K is a strongly γ -RG-R.
For a ring K is a reduced satisfying condition (⁕) and every maximal ideal of K is a right annihilator, then K is strongly γ -RG-R.
Let K be a ring satisfying condition (⁕). Then K is strongly γ - RG- K if every right K module is GP-injective.
Let K be a reduced ring satisfying condition (⁕). Then the center of K is strongly γ - RG-R if K is a right GP-injective ring.

Determination of Chlamydia Trachomatis and Other Bacteria Infections in Infertile Women in Mosul

Nadia Mohammed Ameen — 2025-12-01

Chlamydia trachomatis is the most common negative gram bacteria obligate intracellular bacteria that causes sexually transmitted diseases, Chlamydia trachomatis is, an obligate intracellular bacterium, that parasitizes eukaryotic cells. C. trachomatis shows a tropism for genital and conjunctival epithelia and ocular trachoma worldwide. It affects reproductive system in women and men. If infections aren’t identified and treated, they might lead to pelvic inflammatory disorders and spread to fallopian tubes, Infections of CT are 80–90% asymptomatic, females have been found to have the greatest rates of CT infection. Present study was carried out to diagnose genital CT infection among reproductive-age women, attending Albatool Hospital from(July to September) 2022 by Immunochromatographic test rapid test (the immunochromatographic card test represents a fast and cheap method to detect Chlamydia). Out of those women, 100 were infertile against 25 . A total of 12(12%) of the cases were found positive for CT by ICT. 12 out of 100 infertile women were positive for CT and none of fertile women were positive for CT. Also, prevalence of common microorganisms in the vagina and cervical canals of infertile women was clarified. Numerous microorganisms, including Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Candida albicans, viruses, Trichomonas vaginalis, and aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, are responsible for common other infections in female genitalia. Evaluate finding of wet preparation and direct gram staining of the vaginal swabs in Chlamydia positive and negative cases. the association of Chlamydia infection and culture isolate has been studied.

Evaluating Effect of Aqueous Extract of Seeds of Raphanus Sativus on Histological Changes in Kidney Resulting from Complications of Diabetes in Rats

Noura Salman Mohmmed — 2025-12-01

Study aimed to know effect of aqueous extract of radish seeds and its role in reducing and maintaining levels of glucose, insulin hormone, and effect on kidney functions represented by levels of creatinine and urea in blood, as well as its role in alleviating tissue changes in kidneys. Twenty-four rats were used and divided into three equal groups: first (non-diabetic), second group, control group, in which experimental diabetes was induced with streptozotocin at a dose of 50 mg/kg, and third group, diabetic, treated with aqueous extract at a dose of 300 mg/kg for two periods (three and six weeks). After that, blood samples were collected to measure levels of glucose, insulin hormone, urea and creatinine. Tissue changes in kidneys were also examined. Results showed a significant difference in glucose levels for diabetic control group after injection with STZ and a significant decrease in aqueous radish group after six weeks compared to period after STZ injection. Results also indicate a significant decrease in concentration of Insulin hormone after induction compared to healthy control group. After six weeks of treatment with extract, an increase in level of insulin hormone was observed compared to period after injection. Results also indicate an increase in level of urea and creatine in blood serum after inducing diabetes. After a period of treatment with this extract, a decrease in level of urea and creatine was observed compared to period after injection.

The Translation of Kān and its Similar Verbs in Glorious Qur’ān into English

Ammar Yousuf Farman — 2025-12-01

kān and its counterparts or the so-called ‘incomplete verbs’ (أفعالٌ ناقِصَةٌ) in Arabic are a special group of verbs operating on nominal sentence, causing changes in meaning of sentence. This group of verbs is characterized by their own peculiarities in terms of syntactic uses and semantic functions it produces while translating. The problem doesn’t reside in translating each verb individually, but syntactically in conjunction with other elements. The study aims at investigating syntactic uses and semantic functions of kān and its counterparts and how they are contextually translated in Glorious Qur’ān into English. To attain this goal, five English translations by five professional translators have been chosen to determine to what extent translators have accurately managed to convey meanings of kān and its counterparts into their English equivalents.

Study hypothesizes that this group of verbs is not confined to its past forms and lexical meanings only, but it extends to indicate other time references and lexical meanings in context as well. To verify these hypotheses, kān and its similarities are identified and interpreted in (ST), then their renditions in (TTs) are syntactically and semantically analyzed and assessed. It has been concluded that difference in nature, uses, and functions of kān and its counterparts in Arabic causes an obstacle for translators to come up with accurate renderings in the TL.

Investigating Metaphors of COVID-19 – in Related English Texts

Mazin Fawzi Ahmed — 2025-12-01

This study investigates metaphors in COVID-19- related English texts. The study shows an overview on how people are suffer from pandemic and its negative effects, it is not preferable to talk about COVID-19 always explicitly. Metaphorical expressions assist in conveying meaning successfully. They are essential in transferring message of text appropriately and successfully for they are capable of adding force to the meaning conveyed. Study utilized Conceptual Metaphor Theory by Lakoff and Jonson (1980) as a model to analyze chosen data. Conceptual Metaphor Theory has been adapted by adding frames and mind maps to simplify metaphorical project from source domain onto target domain. Data are selected from English social media like Twitter, Facebook, and other websites like medical websites , online articles and journals concerning pandemic expressions related to metaphors. Ten English COVID-19 metaphorical expressions have been chosen for analysis. It is found that virus has been used as an Abstract Target Domain. Also, it is found that Concrete Source Domains (Fire) and (war) are the most frequent ones and they occurred five times separately out of total number of data.

(Division of the Estate and Exclusion) From the book "Matn al-Fara'id" with its commentary by the eminent scholar Ahmad ibn Mustafa ibn Khalil, known as Tash Kubri Zadeh (d. 968 AH) Study, Verification, and Commentary

Ahmad Hamid Saeed Al-Nuaimi — 2025-12-01

Current research entitled (distributing and denial of heritance ) taken from ( treatise on inheritance with explanation) by Sheikh (Tash Kubra Zadeh, : died 968 AH) focuses on fourth inheritance law that is, distribute remaining money after paying debt, funeral expenses, fulfilment of bequests from one third of remaining estate, and then give what is left to heirs. The same applies to withholding: to prevent a person from inheriting in whole or in part, despite his eligibility due to presence of a more deserving person. Empirical chapter also dealt with blocking sections, while first chapter, dealt with personal and scientific life of author of this treatise.

Al-Badi’s influence on structure of poem in legacy of Al-Marqasheen (Incipit, Conciseness, Closure as a model)

Jihad Muhamad Hamayd — 2025-12-01

Pre-Islamic poetry is considered an open welcoming space, and a great everlasting source for those who want to search for a topic. To find what you want and achieve what you aspire to. Bearing this in mind, I found myself searching for a topic that represents pre-Islamic era and trying to uncover something, though trivia, about secrets of this poetry, so I decided to navigate in (The Effect of Al-Badi’ on Structure of Poem in legacy of Al-Marqasheen), This paper includes an introduction and three chapters tackling Badi’ linguistically and terminologically. Components of poems of Al-Marqasheen, considered one of the most important elements in poetic formation. (Incipit, Conciseness, and closure) are among the most important elements followed in poems of pre-Islamic, that became a tradition followed by most succussing poets, and since Al-Marqasheen were one of founders of poem structure, it was necessary to consider elements that made up their poems, including incipit with its branches, transitions represented by elegant closure, main purpose of poem, good closure and the verses of wisdom that it contain.

The Incipit Code - A Semiotical Approach In (Desferal) The Novel By Nawzat Shamdin

Hamid Abdul Wahab Hassan — 2025-12-01

This research aims to establish and explore concept of code, a concept that Arabs have known since ancient times and called it cryptography", linked to signs and symbols. However, its modern concept is linked with approaches of linguist Ferdinand De Saussure in early twentieth century, to form cornerstone of semiotic thinking that represents a semantic interchange relationship between two elements. Research focused on initiation of novel (Desferal) by expatriate Iraqi novelist Nawzat Shamdin. Initiation is described as the condensed core of the text that is related to overall structure of work, and because initiation contradicts with its direct communicative language, it concealed many codes that current research attempted to deconstruct and identify their possible semantic dimensions, benefiting in particular - from procedural concepts of codes of event and symbol, which were established by French critic and philosopher Roland Barthes.

Image of Women in Almu’allaqat

Sarah Ahmed Fadhil — 2025-12-01

Any reader of ancient cultures comes across a very contradicting image of women drawn by men . pre-islamic poetry created various images for women . once she is represented as the mistress where you can wash away your worries , with her soft cheeks , pleasant face to look , and a constant companionship . others , it’s a creature to satisfy your whims . pre-islamic poem is full of images and fantasies based on women . nature of life pre-islam encouraged such images . there was abundance of themes of love in pre-islam era .

so, it is safe to say that pre-islam poetry focused on external image of women instead of looking at her inner beauty or its social role . such poetry only mentioned these external features glorify certain parts of body . so that a pre-islam women would find themselves represented only as a symbol of seduction . to be a trophy of a man . almu’allaqat poems thought of women as a creature that pleases your heart and sight by focusing on sensual features that characterized this kind of themes of love . researchers concluded that pre-islam poets such as imru’al-qais , al-a’sha among others heavily mentioned what creates a perfect body of a woman desired by all men based on elements of nature and surrounding environment.

Imam Abu Hafs Al-Nasafi (May Allah Have Mercy on His Soul ) and His Approach in Display of Mass Transmitted Readings

AbdulJawad S. Othman — 2025-12-01

Current research dealt with biography of venerable Imam Abu Hafs al-Nasafi, one of scholars of fifth Hijri century . One of prominent scholars in Qur’anic readings . This can be concluded through his treatise entitled “ Al-Taysir fi Al-Tafsir “

Research mentions mass transmitted readings of Qur’an , along with practical examples . Research was divided into two sections. First : discussed biography of venerable Imam Abu Hafs al-Nasafi, such as his name, lineage, sheikhs, students, and works.

As for second section, researchers discussed his presentation of mass transmitted Qur’anic readings, accompanied by examples, and then conclusion.

Lastly but not least , a list of sources and references.

Parental Psychological Absence among Basic Education Students

Remonda Eshaya Armia — 2025-12-01

Aim of current study was to investigate level of psychological absence among participants, extent of psychological absence according to gender variable, and degree of psychological absence attributed to each parent (father and mother) as perceived by students (i.e. sample). To achieve study’s objectives, a psychological absence scale was developed, consisting of four domains: (psychological support, social communication, gender stereotyping, and socio-moral-educational concepts). Initial scale included 51 items, each with three response options (Always, Sometimes, Never). To ensure validity of the instrument, it was reviewed by a panel of psychology experts. Based on their feedback, 11 items were eliminated, resulting in a final scale of 40 valid items that received over 80% agreement among experts. Reliability of scale was confirmed through test-retest method, yielding a reliability coefficient of 0.87. Instrument was administered to a sample of 150 students; after excluding invalid responses, final sample comprised 146 students (78 females and 68 males). Statistical analysis of data revealed that students in basic education schools experienced a sense of psychological absence of their parents. Significant gender differences were found, with males reporting higher levels of psychological absence. Further, analysis showed that psychological absence related to fathers among male students was not statistically significant, whereas psychological absence related to mothers was statistically significant. Considering these findings, researchers proposed a number of conclusions, suggestions, and recommendations.

Meaning of Life for Kindergarten Children in Mosul

Iman Mohammed Sherif — 2025-12-01

Aim of current research is to identify meaning of life for kindergarten children in general, and level of meaning of life for kindergarten children according to these five areas (self-acceptance, social relations, values, responsibility, achievement), to identify significant differences in areas of life according to Variables of: gender (male - female), and birth sequence (firstborn - middle - young) in family. Study sample included (100) children, (50) males and females, who were randomly selected from (6) government kindergartens in Mosul. Scale ( meaning of life for kindergarten children) was used, prepared by (Kazim and Al-Kindi). 2017) Surface validity and reliability of test were confirmed after passing a group of experts, relying on test-retest method, to reach (0.76). The SPSS statistical package was used to process data using the following methods: Pearson correlation coefficient to extract reliability, t-test for one sample, two independent samples and variance analysis. Researchers concluded that sample had a higher-than-average level of meaning of life in general, and this indicates that children of kindergarten age are aware of concept of meaning of life, Social relations was highest in achieving concept of meaning of life among children, followed by (Values) domain, then (Self-Acceptance), followed by (Responsibility) domain, and (Achievement) domain achieved lowest score. There were no significant differences among domains about meaning of life according to gender variable, except in area of (responsibility), where it was significant and in favor of females, there were no significant differences according to birth sequence variable in all areas of meaning of life. Based on results found, some recommendations were made, including: necessity of educating parents, teachers, and supervisors in charge of kindergarten children about importance of this stage and extent of its serious impact on our future if it is neglected or monopolized, as they are the main contributing factor that contributes to its establishment in the future. Some suggestions for future research include: meaning of life for lonely child in family and its relationship to self-concept.

The Efficiency of Educational Services in Bismayah City: Reality and Future Vision

Shaimaa Abdul Jabbar Sabri — 2025-12-01

Research deals with educational reality in residential city of Bismayah. The study explains that educational reality in Bismayah focuses on primary stages of education: nursery, kindergarten, primary. then moves to incorporate intermediate and secondary facilities. Taken into consideration all urban services that Bismayah enjoys inside and outside its limits, not to forget to mention its geographical, urban capabilities and available spaces, all of above-mentioned facts integrate to create a foundation for future higher education centers such as institutes and colleges.

Investigating the Types of Assessment Used by EFL University Teachers in the Productive Skills

Huda Kanaan Hamza — 2025-12-01

In recent years, researchers focus on finding out what types of assessment used by EFL university teachers to improve the teaching methods. In this line, the present study tries to investigate the types of assessment used by EFL university teachers when assessing the productive skills. As such, the following research questions are formulated (1) “Do EFL teachers follow summative or formative assessment when assessing the productive skills ? (2) What are the major aspects of productive skills followed by EFL teachers in assessing speaking and writing? (3) What are the major activities of productive skills followed by EFL teachers in assessing speaking and writing? and (4) What are the major barriers that EFL teachers face while assessing the productive skills?”. It is hypothesized that (1) EFL teachers follow both types of assessment when assessing speaking and writing skills, (2) EFL teachers assess fluency, accuracy, content , and organizational skills When assessing both speaking and writing, (3) EFL teachers follow specific strategies in assessing speaking and they assess writing through the subjects of essay and composition writing, and (4) the large number of students and time constrain form the main barriers in assessing speaking and writing. To collect data, two semi-structured interviews are used. One address speaking assessment and the other addresses writing assessment. The results show that EFL university teachers follow both types of assessment in assessing the productive skills. They also show that teachers focus on the significant speaking and writing aspects; the most important activities that support the teachers’ way of assessment.

The Effect of Hot Seat Strategy on the Achievement of Fifth Primary Pupils in English and the Development of their Smart Thinking

Reem Hazim Sulaiman — 2025-12-01

This research aims at investigating the effect of the hot seat strategy on fifth primary pupils' achievement in English and the development of their smart thinking. To bring about this aim, the researcher has set four null hypotheses. The population of the study consists of fifth grade female pupils at primary stage in the city of Mosul during the academic year 2024-2025. The sample of the study subsumes 74 female pupils; 38 pupils representing the experimental group, taught according to the hot seat strategy, and 36 pupils representing the control group, taught according to the conventional method. The pretest- posttest equivalent groups have been used as the experimental design. To validate the research hypotheses, the researcher has prepared the achievement and smart thinking tests. Following the application of the T-test of two distinct groups to the collected data, the results indicate statistically significant differences between the two groups, with the experimental group outperforming the control group in the achievement and smart thinking tests.